Data transfer techniques (methods) in hindi:-
Microprocessor me 3 nimnlikhit parkar ki data transfer techniques pryog me laayi jaati hai.
1:- Synchronous data transfer
2:- asynchronous data transfer
3:- interrupt data transfer
1:- synchronous data transfer in hindi:-
data transfer ki yah sabse saral vidhi hai. Yah vidhi tab pryog ki jaati hai jab I/O device aur microprocessor ki speed ek samaan hoti hai. Is vidhi me Device se data transfer krne ke liye device ko uchit intructions di jati hai.
Data transfer me, peripheral mapped I/O devices ke saath IN ya OUT intersection aur memory mapped I/O devices ke saath memory read/write intersection ka upyog kiya jata hai. Intersection IN ka pryog input devices ya input port se data ‘read’ krne ke liye kiya jata hai. Intersection OUT ka pryog CPU se output device ya output port par data bhejne ke liye kiya jata hai. Chunki CPU aur I/O device, data transfer ke liye ready rahti hai. Is kriya me I/O device ka status check krne ki jarurat nahi hoti arthat isme handshaking ki jarurat nahi hoti hai.
Example ke liye:- yadi koi output device memory mapped mode me microprocessor se judha hai tab nimn instruction एकुमुलेटर ke contents ko device me transfer krne ke liye paryukt ki ja sakti hai:-
MOV M, X
Yadi device I/O mapped mode me judi hai tab data transfer ke liye nimn instruction pryukt ki ja sakti hai:-
OUT 02
Yaha 02, device ka port number hai.
Upar diye gye dono examples me instruction jaari krne ke samay I/O device, microprocessor ko data transfer ke liye ya microprocessor se data prapt krne ke liye taiyar hai.
Jyadatar es prkar ki I/O devices uplabdh nahi hoti jo microprocessor ki speed se puri tarah se match krti ho. Parntu yadi I/O device ki speed match nahi krti ho tab bhi synchronous data transfer vidhi ka pryog kiya jaa sakta hai. Es condition me jab IN aur OUT instruction di jaati hai, tab device, data receive krne ya bhejne ke liye taiyar honi chahiye. Is prkar in instruction ko dene se pahle, ek OUT instruction di ja sakti hai jisse I/O device data transfer ke liye taiyar ho jati hai. Instruction OUT dene ke baad microprocessor koi aur kaam kar sakta hai ya wait kar sakta hai tatha uske baad koi अन्य IN ya OUT instruction de sakta hai.
Is prkar synchronous data transfer do prkar se kiya jaa skta hai tatha yah device ki speed par nirbhar krta hai.
चित्र (a) me pardarshit vidhi me device ki speed match hona jaruri hai jo ki mushkil se hi hota hai.
चित्र (b) me pardarshit vidhi me programmer ka kaam badh jata hai. Isliye synchronous data transfer vidhi ko akele nahi pryog kiya jata. Yah dusri anya methods ke saath pryukt ki jati hai. Prntu speed match hone par data transfer ke liye es vidhi ka pryog kiya jata hai.
Synchronous data transfer techniques jyadatar high speed data transmission me pryukt ki jati hai.
2:- Asynchronous data transfer in hindi:-
jab I/O device aur microprocessor ki speed paraspar match nahi karti tab asynchronous vidhi se data transfer kiya jata hai.
Is vidhi me, data transfer krne se pahle, microprocessor I/O device ka status check kiya jata hai ki device data transfer ke liye taiyar hai ya nahi. Microprocessor I/O device ko pahle ‘get ready’ signal bhejta hai tatha I/O device ka status lagaatar check krta rhta hai jab tak ki I/O device data transfer ke liye taiyar nahi ho jati. Jab I/O device taiyar ho jati hai tab microprocessor data transfer instruction bhejta hai. Is vidhi ko ‘handshaking’ bhi kahte hai kyunki data transfer se pahle microprocessor tatha I/O device ke madhy signals ka exchange hota hai.
Asynchronous data transfer techniques slow I/O devices ke saath paryukt ki jati hai. Is vidhi ki dakshta (दक्षता) kam hai kyunki microprocessor ka kaafi samay intjaar me nasht ho jata hai.
3:- Interrupt driven data transfer in hindi:-
interrupt vidhi dwara data transfer us avastha me kiya jata hai jab I/O device ki speed microprocessor ki speed se kam hoti hai.
example:- character printer, AD convertor etc.
interrupt data transfer me microprocessor sabse pahle I/o device ko ready hone ka signal deta hai tatha apne main program ko execute krta hai. Jab I/O device data transfer ke liye ready ho jati hai tab yah interrupt line dwara microprocessor ko high signal deti hai. Dusre shbdo me yah microprocessor ki samany kriya ko baadhit karti hai. Interrupt signal ko receive krne ke baad microprocessor us samay execute ho rahi instruction ko pura krta hai tab I/O device par dhyan kendrit krta hai.
Sabse pahle yah yah program counter ke contents stack me save krta hai tatha uske baad ek subroutine me jata hai jise interrupt service subroutine ya ISS kahte hai.
Microprocessor I/O device se data read krne ke liye ya write krne ke liye ISS ko execute krta hai. Data transfer ki kriya puri hone par microprocessor fir se usi main program me vaapas aa jata hai jise vah interrupt hone se pahle execute kar raha tha.
Interrupt data transfer techniques, asynchronous data transfer se adhik efficient hai kyunki isme microprocessor ka vah keemti samay nasht nahi hota jo vah I/O device ke ready hone ke intjaar me व्यतीत krta hai.
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